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Introducción: El cáncer bucal continúa siendo una de las neoplasias malignas en ascenso, de acuerdo con su incidencia y el importante número de muertes cada año. En este sentido, se han desarrollado programas de salud para la población que garantizan la pesquisa, la prevención y la atención de las enfermedades. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con cáncer bucal en el Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie de la provincia Camagüey durante el período 2018-2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie de la provincia Camagüey en un universo de 218 pacientes, que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del año 2018 al 2022 y tuvieron como diagnóstico cáncer bucal. La muestra se delimitó a 113 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: El cáncer bucal predominó en el sexo masculino con 89 (78,76 %) en los años 2019 y 2021. Hubo mayor frecuencia en pacientes de piel blanca con 97 (85,84 %) y el año 2021 mostró mayor número de estos enfermos. La lengua fue la más afectada con 43 (30,05 %) pacientes, seguida por el suelo de boca en 18 (15,92 %) y las encías en 17 (15,04 %) pacientes. Según el estadio existió un predominio del IV en 61 (53,98 %) enfermos, seguido por el III con un 18,58 % de pacientes diagnosticados. Conclusiones: Prevaleció del sexo masculino en el grupo de 60 a 79 años y los pacientes de piel blanca fueron los más afectados. La localización de las lesiones se manifestó con mayor incidencia en la lengua y los estadios IV y III de la enfermedad son los más representativos en el momento del diagnóstico.
Introduction: Oral cancer continues to be one of the malignant neoplasms on the rise, according to its incidence and the significant number of deaths each year. In this sense, health programs have been developed for the population that guarantee screening, prevention and care of the diseases. Objective: To characterize patients with oral cancer at the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital in Camagüey province during the period 2018-2022. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital of Camagüey province in a universe of 218 patients, who attended the Head and Neck Surgery Service from 2018 to 2022 and had oral cancer as diagnosis. The sample was limited to 113 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Oral cancer predominated in the male sex with 89 (78.76%) in the years 2019 and 2021. There was a higher incidence in patients with white skin with 97 (85.84%) and the year 2021 showed a higher number of these patients. The tongue was the most affected with 43 (30.05%) patients, followed by the floor of the mouth in 18 (15.92%) and the gums in 17 (15.04%) patients. According to stage there was a predominance of stage IV in 61 (53.98%) patients, followed by stage III with 18.58% of patients diagnosed. Conclusions: Male sex prevailed in the 60 to 79 years age group and white skin patients were the most affected. The location of the lesions manifested with greater incidence on the tongue and stages IV and III of the disease are the most representative at the time of diagnosis.
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Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC), is a rare well-differentiated, low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma. However, diagnosis of oral CC has remained very difficult, because many pathologists and clinicians remain un acquainted with oral CC, because there are very few reported cases of this disease in the oral cavity. To our knowledge, no more than 60 head and neck cases have been reported since Flieger and Owinski first described a case involving the mandible in 1977, because there are very few published cases of this disease in the oral cavity, the aim of this report is to provide a detailed clinical and histopathologic description of carcinoma cuniculatum of the maxila, provide a brief review of the literature, and highlight the difficulties in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
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Current research highlighted the importance to recognize feasible biomarkers for early diagnoses and treatment in oral cancer. Our study analyzed the expression and spatial distribution of ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspase-3, and CD44 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia with and without oral mucosal dysplasia. Paraffin-embedded samples of OSCC (n=5), leukoplakia with (n=5) and without (n=5) dysplasia obtained by incisional biopsies were processed using conventional histochemical techniques. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspase-3, and CD44. Images of the immunohistochemically stained tissue sections were analyzed according to the intensity of the immunostaining of each marker and classified in Scores. The Kruskal- Wallis test was performed (p≤0.05). Our results demonstrated a statically difference in the expression of all immunomarkers between OSCC and leukoplakia without dysplasia, being more significant in FGFR2 and ALDH1A1. Within the limitations of this study, our data showed that all biomarkers were overexpressed in OSCC and leukoplakia with oral mucosa dysplasia, suggesting that the presence of dysplasia is a significant clinic-pathologic predictor for malignant transformation.
La actual evidencia científica enfatiza la importancia de reconocer biomarcadores viables para el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano del cáncer oral. Nuestro estudio piloto analizó la expresión y distribución espacial de ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspasa-3 y CD44 en carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) y en leucoplasia con o sin displasia de la mucosa oral. Las muestras incluidas en parafina de COCE (n=5), con (n=5) y sin (n=5) displasia fueron obtenidas mediante biopsias incisionales, las cuales se procesaron utilizando técnicas histoquímicas convencionales. El análisis inmunohistoquímico se realizó utilizando anticuerpos contra ALDH1A1, FGFR2, caspasa-3 y CD44. Las imágenes de las secciones de cada muestra fueron analizadas según la intensidad de inmunoexpresión de cada marcador y se clasificaron en diferentes escalas (scores). Se realizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (valores de p<0,05). Nuestros resultados demostraron una diferencia estadística en la expresión de todos los inmunomarcadores entre COCE y las muestras con leucoplasia sin displasia, siendo más significativa en FGFR2 y ALDH1A1. Considerando las limitaciones de este estudio, los datos sugieren que la presencia de displasia en la mucosa oral es un importante predictor clínico-patológico de transformación maligna.
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Background: Tobacco is a major risk factor associaetd with developing oral factor. Recent studies have shown that the age of onset, especially in Asia, is reducing. This study was to determine if tobacco exposure correlated with prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoms (OSCC) based on age at diagnosis. Methods: Six hundred and forty three patients of OSCC treated in our institution were divided into four groups, younger patients (?45 years) with or without tobacco exposure and older patients (>45 years) with or without tobacco exposure, and compared with respect to prognostically relevant variables, disease?free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was performed. Results: The percentage of those with tobacco exposure was comparable in both age groups. Tobacco correlated with known pathological determinants in OSCC; however, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and extranodal extension were significantly more common in the young. On survival analysis, tobacco exposure impacted OS (P = 0.04) and DFS (P = 0.03) in patients ?45 years, and not in older patients >45 years. On multivariate analysis, tobacco exposure in the young was significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.03, hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07�94) but not survival. Conclusion: Younger patients with a history of tobacco use have a significantly higher risk of recurrence and mortality due to OSCC, but this difference could not be attributed to any of the known prognostic determinants in OSCC. Younger patients also had more adverse pathological features. Whether this occurs because of altered disease biology or pathways of carcinogenesis in the young wi
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Background-Oxidative stress in biological systems is a complex process that is characterized by an inequity between the production of free radicals (FR) and the ability of the body to eliminate these reactive species through the use of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. The pathogenesis of oral cancer has been linked to alterations in the antioxidant defense mechanism. Materials & Methods- Saliva from twenty patients with OSCC, forty patients with OPMDs and twenty healthy subjects in the age group of thirty five to seventy five years was analyzed for levels of nitric oxide, vitamin C, total sialic acid and GSH using spectrophotometry. Results - The levels of salivary vitamin C and glutathione were significantly reduced and those of nitric oxide and sialic acid were raised in patients having OPMD's and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The co- relation between the AOI and calculated ratios indicated that antioxidant potential of the saliva was decreased and was statistically related to (p <0.001) development of OPMD, which further may progress to oral cancer, notably OSCC. Conclusion- The current study demonstrated that the estimation of vitamin C, nitric oxide, sialic acid and GSH in saliva could be used as an early potential diagnostic biomarker in the screening of oral cancer. The antioxidant-oxidant indices (AOI's) can be used as a reliable tool for predicting the oral microenvironment and its predicted change towards development of oral cancer. This optimized developed protocol was also found to be simple and cost effective.
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Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging modern technology within the health care sectors in the current era and it is the ability of computer software to mimic human judgment. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based modern image analysis methods have significant promise for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of pathology diagnostic processes as well as for the discovery of new biomarkers. Objectives: In this article, we will discuss Artificial Intelligence, its usage in pathology in various ways such as for screening of various diseases, detection of prognostic markers or biomarkers, and various treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Data were collected and analyzed from the recently published literature and electronic database searches of Cochrane and included the articles the year 2017 to 2021 by reading the title and the abstract. Artificial intelligence (AI), has a lot of potential for aiding in diagnosis with the advancement of information technology. For this purpose, few machine learning algorithms have been created to date. Given their capacity to evaluate complicated data in a quantitative and standardised manner to further improve the precision and scope of diagnoses, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning technologies hold great promise for the field of pathology. Conclusion: The application of Artificial Intelligence tools in pathology has sharply increased in this era and it is anticipated to revolutionize the pathology field in the years ahead and can change the way the field of pathology is managed and make them not only more systematic but also effective in meeting the needs of the current age of precision medicine.
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Background: Oral cancer is one of the sixth most common cancers in the world. Oral exfoliative cytology is one of the popular screening tool for oral cancer. Use of tobacco in any form are documented as the most common cause as initiators for dysplastic changes in oral mucosa. The purpose of the study was to detect the cytological changes in buccal mucosa, tongue and palate among non-smokers & smokers. Material & Methods: Smears sample were collected according to site (buccal mucosa, tongue & palate) from 100 subjects among smokers & non-smokers. Smears were then stained using Papanicolaou staining technique. Results: Among the smokers and non-smokers the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Recent advances in the clinical visualization and detection of the oral mucosa have made the viability of cytological procedures more specific and sensitive. Contact endoscopy and use of autofluorescence devices are the forerunners in this group. The fluorescence characteristics of tissues depend upon their biochemical composition and histomorphological architecture, both of which undergo a change during malignant transformation. These changes are detectable as an alteration in the fluorescence spectral profile of the tissues21. Due to low feasibilities of such devices the benchmark of diagnosis will be microscopic tissue examination. Hence cytological smears will always be highly specific, sensitive, easy to use and reproducible procedures in routine screening of population for potentially and malignant conditions of the oral cavity.
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Abstract Introduction Free flaps have been the preferred method for reconstruction after resection of oral cavity cancer. However, pedicled flaps remain valuable alternatives in appropriate settings. Objective The main objective of the present study was to compare surgical complications, hospital costs, and functional outcomes of oral cavity cancer patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with pedicled flaps or free flaps. Methods A total of 171 patients were included in the study. Ninety-eight underwent reconstruction with a pectoralis major, submental, temporalis, or supraclavicular pedicled flap, and in 73 patients, a radial forearm or anterolateral thigh free flap had been used. The cases were retrospectively reviewed, and a comparative analysis was carried out between the two groups. Results Recipient site and flap complications, speech, and swallowing functions did not differ between groups, but donor site complications, operative time, hospital stay, and costs were significantly reduced in the pedicled flap group compared with the free flap group. However, the pectoralis major flap reconstruction resulted in a more inferior swallowing function than the free flap reconstruction. Conclusions With comparable complications and functional outcomes, while decreasing in costs, pedicled flaps are a useful alternative to free flaps in oral cavity cancer reconstruction. However, in an extensive defect (> 70 cm2), free flaps are the reconstruction of choice for the preservation of swallowing function.
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Abstract Introduction Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity. Two types of mandibular resections have been described: the segmental mandibulectomy and the marginal mandibulectomy. Both may have a different impact over the quality of life, oncological prognosis, and functional or aesthetic result. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically explore the literature to determine the survival outcomes and disease control rates in patients who underwent segmental or marginal mandibulectomy for OCSCC with histological evidence of cortical and medullary bone invasion. Data Synthesis This review involved a systematic search of the electronic databases MEDLINE/PUBMED, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Scopus including articles from 1985 to 2019. Fifteen articles were included for qualitative analysis and 11 articles were considered for meta-analysis calculations. All of them correspond to retrospective cohort studies. Conclusion This systematic review reveals the low-level evidence regarding the impact over local control or survival according to the type of mandibulectomy. Our results need to be considered with precaution according to the limited evidence available. We just found difference regarding the 5-year disease-free survival, and a tendency in favor of segmental mandibulectomy was confirmed when medullary invasion was evident.
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Objetivo: descrever o panorama atual do câncer de boca na região Nordeste, com ênfase na taxa de mortalidade entre homens e mulheres, no período de 2015 a 2020. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, que analisou os dados nos anos de 2015 a 2020 no site DATASUS (TABNET). Resultados: Foi observada uma maior prevalência em homens e ainda assim um leve crescimento de casos entre mulheres as quais possuem atualmente um maior contato com os fatores de riscos. Conclusão: O estudo verificou que o câncer de boca é mais incidente em homens do que em mulheres, tanto no Brasil (com diferença entre homens e mulheres de 11.363 casos), como no Nordeste (com diferença de 2.363 casos). As taxas de mortalidade vêm diminuindo no gênero masculino e feminino, no Brasil e no Nordeste (principalmente entre os anos de 2019 e 2020).
Objective: to describe the current panorama of oral cancer in the Northeast region, with emphasis on the mortality rate between men and women, from 2015 to 2020. Method: This is a descriptive, retrospective study, which analyzed data over the years from 2015 to 2020 on the DATASUS website (TABNET). Results: A higher prevalence was observed in men and yet a slight increase in cases among women, who currently have greater contact with risk factors. Conclusion: The study found that oral cancer is more common in men than in women, both in Brazil (with a difference between men and women of 11,363 cases) and in the Northeast (with a difference of 2,363 cases). Mortality rates have been decreasing in males and females, in Brazil and in the Northeast (mainly between 2019 and 2020)
Objetivo: describir el panorama actual del cáncer oral en la región Nordeste, con énfasis en la tasa de mortalidad entre hombres y mujeres, de 2015 a 2020. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, que analizó datos a lo largo de los años de 2015 a 2020. 2020 2020 en el sitio web de DATASUS (TABNET). Resultados: Se observó una mayor prevalencia en hombres y, sin embargo, un ligero aumento de casos en mujeres, quienes actualmente tienen mayor contacto con factores de riesgo. Conclusión: El estudio encontró que el cáncer oral es más común en hombres que en mujeres, tanto en Brasil (con una diferencia entre hombres y mujeres de 11.363 casos) como en el Nordeste (con una diferencia de 2.363 casos). Las tasas de mortalidad han ido disminuyendo en hombres y mujeres, en Brasil y en el Nordeste (principalmente entre 2019 y 2020).
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Mouth Neoplasms , Mortality , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Os Papilomavírus Humano (HPVs) são membros da família Papilomaviridae. O vírus destaca-se pelo seu tropismo por células epiteliais, infectando exclusivamente mucosa epitelial e cutânea. O HPV-16 e HPV-18 são subtipos classificados como de alto risco, conhecidos por sua oncogenicidade, fortemente associados aos cânceres anais, genitais e de orofaringe. Lesões por HPV representam um grande grupo de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre a associação entre lesões por HPV e carcinomas genitais e da cavidade oral. Realizamos uma busca na base de dados eletrônicos PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline e Google Scholar, sendo utilizados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2017-2021, ao fim, foram selecionados 36 artigos. Grande parte das infecções por HPV são subclínicas, ou seja, não apresentam sintomatologia importante e tendem a desaparecer espontaneamente. Desta forma, faz-se necessário ter conhecimento a respeito dos aspectos clínicos e comportamentais dessas lesões, possibilitando o diagnóstico precoce, evitando a evolução para estágios mais invasivos, favorecendo um tratamento efetivo e melhor prognóstico.
Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are members of the Papilomaviridae family. The virus stands out for its tropism for epithelial cells, exclusively infecting epithelial and cutaneous mucosa. O HPV-16 and HPV-18 are subtypes classified as high risk, known for their oncogenicity, strongly associated with anal, genital and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV lesions represent a large group of sexually transmitted diseases. The objective of this study was to carry out a narrative review on the association between HPV lesions and genital and oral cavity carcinomas. We carried out a search in the electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and Google Scholar, using articles published between the years of 2017-2021, at the end, foram selected 36 articles. A large part of HPV infections are subclinical, or seem to, do not present significant symptoms and tend to disappear spontaneously. In this way, it is necessary to be aware of the two clinical and behavioral aspects of these injuries, enabling early diagnosis, avoiding evolution to more invasive stages, favoring effective treatment and better prognosis.
Los virus del papiloma humano (VPH) son miembros de la familia Papillomaviridae. El virus destaca por su tropismo por las células epiteliales, infectando exclusivamente mucosas epiteliales y cutáneas. El VPH-16 y el VPH-18 son subtipos clasificados como de alto riesgo, conocidos por su oncogenicidad, fuertemente asociados con cánceres anales, genitales y orofaríngeos. Las lesiones por VPH representan un gran grupo de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión narrativa sobre la asociación entre las lesiones por VPH y los carcinomas genitales y de cavidad oral. Realizamos una búsqueda en la base de datos electrónica PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline y Google Scholar, utilizando artículos publicados entre los años 2017-2021, al final se seleccionaron 36 artículos. La mayoría de las infecciones por VPH son subclínicas, es decir, no presentan síntomas importantes y tienden a desaparecer espontáneamente. Por lo tanto, es necesario tener conocimiento sobre los aspectos clínicos y conductuales de estas lesiones, que permitan un diagnóstico precoz, evitando la progresión a estadios más invasivos, favoreciendo un tratamiento eficaz y un mejor pronóstico.
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@#Oral cancer has a high degree of malignancy, easily recurs, readily metastasizes and poor progonsis. Autophagy is a catabolic process induced in cells under stressful conditions. In recent years, studies have found that the activation of autophagy in epithelial cells can inhibit carcinogenesis and activate pathways such as mTOR and MAPK to activate autophagy in oral cancer cells and inhibit their survival. Inducing autophagy can degrade eukaryotic initiation factor 4E protein and inhibit oral cancer metastasis. Inducing autophagy in oral cancer cells can inhibit their proliferation and promote their apoptosis. Adding autophagy inducers to the treatment can help improve its efficacy and patient survival compared with chemoradiotherapy alone. In addition, the induction of autophagy in oral cancer cells can improve the body's immune function and enhance the efficacy of oral cancer immunotherapy. This article summarizes the relationship between autophagy and oral cancer and the role of induced autophagy in the treatment of oral cancer with the combined application of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. The goal is to provide new ideas for inducing autophagy during the treatment of oral cancer, improving the therapeutic effect of oral cancer and the survival rate of patients. At present, the mechanism of action of induced autophagy in the treatment of oral cancer is not clear. Future research should study its mechanism of action, improve its therapeutic effect on oral cancer and develop autophagy inducers to accurately regulate and induce autophagy during the treatment of oral cancer.
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@#Ferroptosis is a newly discovered method of programmed cell death. Current studies have shown that activation of ferroptosis-related pathways can inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells and reverse their drug resistance. Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate and high drug resistance. Inducing ferroptosis is a potential treatment strategy. There are still many uncertainties in the application of ferroptosis in the treatment of oral cancer, which need to be further explored. This article systematically introduces the mechanism of ferroptosis and its recent progress in oral cancer treatment to provide new mechanisms and methods for the clinical treatment of oral cancer. Current research shows that the mechanism of ferroptosis is mainly related to amino acid metabolism, Fe2+ metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Ferroptosis in oral cancer cells can reverse drug resistance in cancer cells and improve the activity of immune cells. New drugs, such as curcumin analogs and triptolide, can induce ferroptosis in oral cancer, and the development of nanomaterials has improved the utilization rate of drugs. Inhibiting the expression of the ferroptosis-related factors SLC7A11, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) can promote ferroptosis in oral cancer cells. It is a potential target for the clinical treatment of oral cancer, but its translation into clinical practice still needs further research.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on oral cancer xenograft in nude mice and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Sixteen BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) TCA-8113 cell xenografts were randomized into model group and cordycepin treatment group for daily treatment with saline and cordycepin for 4 weeks. After the treatment, the tumor xenografts were dissected and weighed to assess the tumor inhibition rate. Histological changes in the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, and lung of the mice were evaluated with HE staining, and tumor cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining; The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 in the xenografts were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Cordycepin treatment resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 56.09% in the nude mouse models, induced obvious changes in tumor cell morphology and significantly enhanced apoptotic death of the tumor cells without causing pathological changes in the vital organs. Cordycepin treatment also significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.05) and increased Bax, GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 expressions at both the RNA and protein levels in the tumor tissues.@*CONCLUSION@#Cordycepin treatment can induce apoptotic death of TCA-8113 cell xenografts in nude mice via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.
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Humans , Animals , Mice , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Heterografts , Mice, Nude , Tongue Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cordyceps , Caspase 12 , Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , TongueABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives Oral tongue cancer is the most prevalent type of oral cavity cancer and presents the worst prognosis. With the use of TNM staging system, only the size of primary tumor and lymph node are considered. However, several studies have considered the primary tumor volume as a possible significant prognostic factor. Our study, therefore, aimed to explore the role of nodal volume from imaging as a prognostic implication. Methods Medical records and imaging (either from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan) of 70 patients diagnosed with oral tongue cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The pathological lymph node was identified, and nodal volume was measured using the Eclipse radiotherapy planning system and was further analysed for its prognostic implications, particularly on overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival. Results From A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of the nodal volume was 3.95 cm3, to predict the disease prognosis, in terms of overall survival and metastatic-free survival (p≤ 0.001 and p= 0.005, respectively), but not the disease-free survival (p= 0.241). For the multivariable analysis, the nodal volume, but not TNM staging, was a significant prognostic factor for distant metastasis. Conclusions In patients with oral tongue cancer and cervical lymph node metastasis, the presence of an imaging nodal volume of ≥3.95 cm3 was a poor prognostic factor for distant metastasis. Therefore, the lymph node volume may have a potential role to adjunct with the current staging system to predict the disease prognosis. Level of Evidence: 2b.
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Abstract Introduction: Partial glossectomy and reconstruction strategy for malignant tongue tumors influences speech and swallowing. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate long-term functional outcomes after partial glossectomy for pT2 mobile tongue carcinomas with a maximum dimension between 2 and 3 cm. Different reconstruction strategies (with or without pedicled flap) were compared. Methods: Twenty-two patients with at least 12 months followup were included. Clinician-based and self-reported instruments were used to analyze tongue motility, speech intelligibility and articulation, swallowing, and quality of life. Results: Patients with a higher tongue motility had better articulation and lower dysphagia. Avoiding pedicled flap reconstruction seemed to guarantee lower impairment of speech and swallowing. Worse functional outcomes induced a lower quality of life. Conclusion: Partial glossectomy results in tongue motility impairment and consequently alterations of oral functions. Since the type of reconstruction impacts long-term outcomes, it should be adequately planned before surgery.
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O carcinoma de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO) apresenta altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Apesar dos progressos alcançados nesta área, os pesquisadores continuam em busca de biomarcadores moleculares que tenham valor preditivo no prognóstico dos pacientes e que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Neste contexto, várias pesquisas têm destacado o papel da via Hippo com esta finalidade. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar se as proteínas relacionadas à Via Hippo, LATS2 e YAP1, exercem alguma influência sobre o comportamento biológico dos CCELOs. A amostra foi constituída por 26 casos de CCELO e 8 casos de mucosa oral normal como controle. Para avaliar a morfologia dos CCELOs foram utilizadas as gradações propostas pela OMS (2005) e por Almangush et al. (2014). O perfil imunoistoquímico de LATS2 e YAP1 foi avaliado por escores (0-3), com base na sua imunoexpressão em localização intracelular (núcleo e/ou citoplasma) e distribuição epitelial. Para a análise entre os parâmetros estudados foram realizados os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. A análise de sobrevida foi realizada através do método de Kaplan Meier e do teste log-rank. Para todas as avaliações foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observada alta expressão da LATS2 tanto em mucosa oral normal (100%) quanto na maioria dos CCELOs (73,1%), sem diferença estatística significativa (p=0,160). Foi possível evidenciar o aumento da imunoexpressão da YAP nos casos de CCELO em comparação à mucosa oral normal (p<0,001). Verificou-se ainda que a baixa expressão da LATS2 foi associada com menores taxas de sobrevida livre da doença (p=0,039). Além disso, constatou-se que a elevada expressão da YAP foi associada à classificação de alto risco do modelo BD (p=0,034), sugerindo que a imunoexpressão desta proteína pode estar associada a TEM e invasão celular em CCELO. A elevada expressão de ambas as proteínas, na maioria dos CCELOs, sugere que outras vias de sinalização, além da regulação através da LATS2, podem estar induzindo a expressão nuclear de YAP nestes tumores. Portanto, conclui-se que a via Hippo pode influenciar o comportamento biológico dos CCELOs (AU).
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the progress made in this area, researchers continue to search for molecular biomarkers that have predictive value in the prognosis of patients and allow the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this context, several studies have highlighted the role of the Hippo pathway for this purpose. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate whether the proteins related to the Hippo pathway, LATS2 and YAP1, have some influence on the OTSCC biological behavior. The sample consisted of 26 OTSCC cases and 8 normal oral mucosa cases as control. For the morphological assessment of OTSCC, the gradations proposed by the WHO (2005) and by Almangush et al. (2014) were performed. The immunohistochemical profile of LATS2 and YAP1 was evaluated by scores (0-3), based on their immunoexpression in intracellular location (nucleus and/or cytoplasm) and epithelial distribution. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact statistical tests were performed for the analysis of the studied parameters. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. For all evaluations, values with p<0.05 were considered significant. High expression of LATS2 was observed both in normal oral mucosa (100%) and in most OTSCC (73,1%), with no statistically significant difference (p=0,160). It was possible to observe the increase in YAP immunoexpression in cases of OTSCC compared to the normal oral mucosa (p<0.001). It was also found that the LATS2 low expression was associated with lower rates of disease-free survival (p=0.039). Furthermore, YAP high expression was found associated with the BD model's high-risk classification (p=0.034), suggesting this protein immunoexpression may be associated with EMT and cell invasion in OTSCC. The high expression of both proteins in most OTSCC suggests that other signaling pathways, in addition to regulating through LATS2, may be inducing the nuclear YAP expression in these tumors. Therefore, it is concluded that the Hippo pathway can influence the OTSCC biological behavior (AU).
Subject(s)
Tongue/injuries , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology , Hippo Signaling Pathway , YAP-Signaling Proteins/metabolism , Prognosis , Chi-Square Distribution , Survival Analysis , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Retrospective Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Observational StudyABSTRACT
The aggressive tumour known as oral cancer can metastasize, produce a high fatality rate, and infect nearby tissue. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for example, are common treatment options that, when used in clinical settings, have both minimal drawbacks and major side effects. Currently, oral therapeutic medication delivery using targeted drug administration is proving to be effective. In recent years, an effective alternative therapy known as “nanomedicine,” or using nanoplatforms to deliver drugs for the treatment of cancer, has evolved. Thanks to the use of nanoplatforms, drug delivery to the tumour site can be done precisely and with minimal drug degradation in the body. As a result, the drug's toxicity is diminished, its concentration at the tumour site is elevated, and its distribution to other organs is kept to minimum. We present a contemporary review of the development medication delivery targeted for the treatment of oral cancer in this article different oral delivery systems, including as cyclodextrins, liposomes, hydrogel-based forms, and nanolipids are highlighted and explored. Biomimetic systems, such as therapeutic vitamins, proteins, exosomes, and virus-like particles, with a focus on cancer treatment, are also described. The study concludes with a brief analysis of future applications for nanoplatforms in the treatment of oral cancer
ABSTRACT
Among the widest range of prevalent forms of cancer is oral carcinoma, which can develop anywhere in the mouth or even on the lips. Although there have been many advances in cancer treatment, the expected lifespan for OSCCs have indeed increased marginally. The load of OSCC is anticipated to increase in the near future, yet there is no sign of relief in view. Tumorigenesis is just one of the many physiological processes that can be controlled by microRNAs, a class noncoding endogenous RNAs. Several fibrosis disorders have been linked to miR- 21, and it has been utilised to distinguish oral and tongue cancer from healthy individuals. Studies empirically highlighted the significance of these transcripts as a predictor for prediction and diagnosis in OSCCs. Therefore, the present review summarizes the expression levels of miRNAs in OSCCs and evaluates their functioning in the progression or suppression of cancer. miR-21 can be considered as a prospective candidate for their translational use in OSCCs for early diagnosis prognosis surveillance and tailored treatment which should undergo further validation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Globally 憃ral cancer� is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death. Oral cancer accounts for approximately 30-40% of all cancers in India. The present study was conducted to assess biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed oral cancer. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma. The study was conducted at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur among 196 newly diagnosed patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 196 healthy individuals. Serum samples from the participants were collected. The data were expressed as mean盨D. Values of p<0.001 were considered significant. Results: The present study was conducted to assess biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed oral cancer. The study was conducted at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur among 196 newly diagnosed patients with oral cancer and 196 healthy individuals. The levels of Random Blood Sugar, Serum Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Serum Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Creatinine, Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium were increased in cases as compared to controls. The p-value was non-significant for all the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the levels of Random Blood Sugar, Serum Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, Serum Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Creatinine, Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium were increased in cases as compared to healthy controls.